Introduction
Pulmonary carcinoids are well differentiated low to intermediate grade lung neuroendocrine tumours (LNETs), that belong to the group of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms which also include highly aggressive lung neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs). Carcinoids are further divided into atypical and typical, based on mitotic count and presence of necrosis. Although pulmonary carcinoids...
Background: In some settings, lung cancer incidence appears higher among disadvantaged groups. We analyzed the harmonized database of the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3) to assess the relationship between socioeconomic status and lung cancer incidence across different world regions.
Methods: We analyzed 19 prospective cohorts from 16 countries in North America, Europe, Asia, and...
Background: The Nordic countries have benefited from steep declines in cervical cancer incidence rates, as a consequence of the implementation of nationwide screening programmes. However, it is not clear whether all social groups have equally benefited from these preventive services. We provided an assessment of the magnitude and temporal trends of cervical cancer incidence by socioeconomic...
Introduction: Disparities in cancer-specific incidence, mortality, and survival exist worldwide. Avoidable deaths have recently been used to estimate the burden of disease and as a measure of the inequality between countries.
Methods: Five-year net survival estimates were obtained from the SURVCAN-3 project and from a review of the literature for 34 cancer sites. Survival estimates...
Introduction: Global childhood cancer control requires high-quality information, which is lacking particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Methods: We described geographical variations in the period 2001-2010 and incidence trends over the period 1993-2012 in the populations under the age of 20 years of the countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) using the database...
Background
Obesity is a major risk factor for endometrial cancer (EC), but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Using proteomics and causal mediation analysis, we examined 155 circulating protein markers in 624 cases and 624 matched controls in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)...
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide originating from oral cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx causing 444,347 deaths in 2020. Although alcohol, tobacco, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are major risk factors for HNC, only a small fraction of high-risk individuals developed HNC implying a crucial role of genetic susceptibility in the disease...
1- Introduction
Alcohol use is associated with cancer development at various anatomical sites including oral cavity, and is responsible for ~13% of all cancers worldwide. Despite strong epidemiological evidence, the mechanisms of ethanol carcinogenicity in the oral cavity remain unclear. Ethanol’s main metabolite acetaldehyde (AcA) may play a crucial role in head and neck cancers by forming...
Cancer is thought to result from the gradual accumulation of genetic mutations in a cell. Environmental and lifestyle exposures to mutagenic agents and endogenous processes may cause mutations in normal cells. Collections of these cells (clones) harbouring driver mutations can exist in different tissues without ever transforming into cancer. However, recent evidence suggest that non-mutagenic...
Background and objectives: We undertook this study to estimate the number of cancer cases that could be prevented through decreasing the prevalence of opium use by 2035 in Iran, where 40% of the world opium is consumed.
Methods: The projection of the population attributable fraction (PAF) of cancers due to opium use was calculated using four data sources including (i) national cancer...
[Abstract suppressed at the request of the author]
INTRODUCTION: In South Africa, traditional and social practices influence the use of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products, particularly in women. SLT use is an established carcinogen, but few studies have been conducted in African populations with their specific exposure routes, ages and intensity. We investigated SLT use and the risk of site-specific cancers among women in Johannesburg, South...
Background: Cancer is a major public health problem. Four million new cancer cases are diagnosed annually in Europe; of which, 40% could be prevented. The European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) is a health education tool aimed at raising awareness about evidence-based actions to prevent cancer. It reports 12 recommendations to reduce individuals’ cancer risk. Our aim was to explore perceived...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins may elicit antibody responses in the process towards HPV-related malignancy. However, HPV seroepidemiology in noncervical HPV-related cancers remains poorly understood, particularly in populations with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Antibodies against E6, E7 and L1 proteins of HPV16 and HPV18 were measured in sera of 535 cases of...
[Abstract suppressed at the request of the author]
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a significant public health issue, both in terms of incidence and mortality. Lifestyle, particularly diet, is a crucial factor in the development of this cancer. The Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) by World Cancer Research Fund International evaluates how diet, nutrition, physical activity, and body weight affect cancer risk and survival....
Introduction:
The European Commission (EC) has supported the development of best practice guidelines and quality assurance benchmarks for cervical screening since 1993. These guidelines have contributed to improving coverage and quality of screening in Europe. However, guidelines need to be updated to address new screening methods, socio-demographic changes and growing inequalities in access...
Introduction
Age-specific human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence data are crucial for stakeholders to predict the future impact of public health policies. However, in the European Union (EU), the availability of this data is heterogenous across countries (and sometimes missing) therefore evaluating the impact of HPV vaccination or HPV-based screening can be challenging. This study reviewed...
Introduction
Testicular cancer is the most frequent malignancy in young men in industrialized countries with an increasing incidence, and its aetiology remains largely unknown. An association with occupational exposure to heavy metals (HMs) and welding fumes (WFs) has been suggested in the literature but with inconsistent findings, most likely due to methodological exposure assessment...
Background: Worldwide, head and neck cancers (HNC), including cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx, accounted for more than 744,000 cancer cases in 2020. Tobacco and opium use, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have been identified as major risk factors for HNC cancer. In addition, several occupational exposures are known to increase the...
Introduction
Diets have shifted towards the consumption of processed food. The NOVA system classifies it into (1) minimally processed, (2) culinary ingredients, (3) processed foods (PF) and (4) ultra-processed foods (UPF). There is evidence that PF and UPF are related with disease outcomes (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer), and mortality but the metabolic signatures...
Introduction
Worldwide, more than 1.9 million new colorectal cancer cases and 935,000 deaths were estimated to occur in 2020, representing about one in 10 cancer cases and deaths. Previous studies found evidence of a positive association between the NOVA 4 consumption and colorectal cancer but few studied the association between the four Nova groups and the different anatomical...
Introduction
Lipids are involved in many metabolic processes that may be relevant for cancer development. However, the role of specific lipid metabolites on colorectal cancer risk is unclear.
Methods
In a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we examined associations between pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of 97...
Introduction
It has been postulated that adopting healthy behaviours such as limiting alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, not smoking, and eating a healthy diet could reduce the risk of breast cancer. Within the EPIC cohort, we previously combined these five lifestyle factors, assessed at recruitment, into a single Healthy Lifestyle...
