In 2020, approximately 314,000 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 207,000 deaths. The aim of the study is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) by histological subtypes and compare EOC survival across seven high income countries involved in the ICBP-SurvMark-2 project, (Australia, Canada, Denmark, Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, and...
Background: Alcohol use is causally linked to multiple cancer sites. We present global, regional and national estimates of alcohol-attributable cancer burden in 2020 to inform alcohol policy and cancer control across different settings globally.
Methods: In this population-based study, we calculated population attributable fractions (PAFs) using relative risk estimates and alcohol...
Background. A single HPV test is highly sensitive for precancerous cervical lesions but has limited specificity leading to unnecessary referral. We aimed to evaluate the performance of short-term repeat HPV testing, semi-quantitative HPV viral load, and HPV16/18 genotyping for triage of HPV positive women in the ESTAMPA study. Methods. ESTAMPA is a multicentric study across Latin...
Introduction
Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequently occurring cancer in women around the world, most of cases occurring in low‑ and middle‑income countries. High risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) DNA test is highly sensitive to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+). However, the specificity is limited as HPV infections are very common and the majority...
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has distinctly high incidence rates in Malawi and Tanzania and much of East Africa, with an adverse prognosis and ill known etiology. Consumption of hot food/beverage, a probable carcinogen to humans, is associated with increased ESCC risk in other settings. We conducted a case–control study in Blantyre, southern Malawi and the Kilimanjaro region,...
Objective: To investigate the contribution of socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence and mortality of seventeen major cancer types and to compare the results across European countries.
Methods: The study will use the prospective multi-centric EPIC cohort data with an average follow up period of 14.1 years. Participants include 476,160 men and women free of major chronic diseases at...
Introduction: Some lung cancer screening guidelines recommend using individualized risk
models to refer ever-smokers for screening. However, different models select different screening populations. The leading risk models were developed and validated in Western populations, and almost exclusively in non-Hispanic whites. Hence, there is an almost complete lack of evidence to support the...
Background: Statistically significant associations between papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and specific common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in MGMT (rs2296675), promotor region of FOXE1 (rs1867277) and ATM (rs1801516) genes were reported in Belarusian children exposed to Iodine-131 (131I) after the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. We further pursued genetic determinants...
Background: There is strong evidence that the use of pesticides increases the risk of hematological malignancies, but associations with Hodgkin lymphoma remain poorly understood. Here, we report associations between Hodgkin lymphoma incidence and the use of 22 pesticide active ingredients and 13 chemical groups (organophosphate, carbamate, organochlorine, and pyrethroid insecticides;...
Background
Agricultural use of carbamate insecticides and risks of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL) have been linked in some but not all occupational epidemiologic studies. Moreover, studies on associated risks of NHL by histological subtype of NHL and by type of carbamate insecticides used are scarce.
Objectives
We evaluated the effects of carbamate insecticides on the risks of NHL and...
Introduction: Acylcarnitines (ACs) play a key role in the transport of fatty acids in the cell and in energy metabolism. Their concentrations in blood have been associated with risk of diseases such as cancer and type 2 diabetes. Diet and lifestyle factors have been shown to influence AC concentrations but a more detailed knowledge of their determinants is needed.
Methods: Fifteen and...
Objectives
Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare cancer of the pleura, primarily attributed to occupational asbestos exposure. Despite the world-wide reduction in asbestos exposure through legislation prohibiting its use, the incidence of asbestos-related cancers such as MPM continues to rise in many countries, in part due to the long latency period between exposure and tumour...
Background
International benchmarking studies on cancer survival is an important aspect in cancer surveillance and plays a key role to develop and assess early-detection strategies, the quality of clinical care, and the management of cancer patients.
The International Cancer Benchmarking Partnership (ICBP) SURVMARK-2 is a global, multidisciplinary partnership of clinicians, academics, and...
Metabolomics is a promising molecular tool to identify novel etiologic pathways leading to cancer. Using a targeted approach in a prospective setting, we previously identified associations between 8 circulating metabolites (acetylcarnitine (positive association), arginine, asparagine, phosphatidylcholines (PCs) aa C36:3, ae C34:2, ae C36:2, ae C36:3 and ae C38:2 (negative associations)) and...
Introduction: Chronic diseases frequently pre-exist among individuals with cancer and these comorbidities have been hypothesized to affect survival following cancer diagnosis. We investigated associations between pre-existing cardiometabolic comorbidities and all-cause and cancer-specific mortality among individuals with cancer.
Material and method: 26,987 men and women enrolled in the...
Only half of the global deaths in 2010 could be associated with known risk factors, namely smoking, alcohol, diet, environmental factors. It remains critical to build understanding around the remaining half of deaths occurring worldwide, and to identify other risk factors currently unknown or underestimated.
As a rule, extensive questionnaires are utilized to outline lifestyle and...
Background
The association between dietary fat intake and breast cancer risk has been a source of controversy with conflicting results reported in past decades. Additional prospective studies that objectively measure circulating levels of fatty acids are now needed to better understand the associations between dietary fat and breast cancer development.
Methods
We assessed the relation...
Background Robust age-specific estimates of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) in HIV-positive and HIV-negative men can inform anal cancer prevention efforts.
Methods We reanalysed individual-level data from 62 studies totalling 29,238 men across four groups: HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV-negative MSM, HIV-positive men...
Background: Pulmonary carcinoids are rare and understudied diseases that account for 1-2% of all invasive lung malignancies. Recently, we performed the first multi-omics characterization of atypical carcinoids, unveiling the existence of the supra-carcinoids and providing the missing pieces for a complete characterization of lung neuroendocrine neoplasms. Aims: We are now aiming at...
Epigenetic regulator genes (ERGs) are a group of over 400 genes which regulate gene expression by DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling. ERGs play a crucial role in the establishment and maintenance of cell identity and genome integrity in health and disease. Indeed, ERGs are found to be commonly altered in cancer. This was further confirmed and extended by our...
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer in the world and its survival decreases with the stage at which it is diagnosed. It has been proven that screening people for lung cancer with low dose computed tomography (an X-ray machine that uses a small amount of radiation to make detailed images of the lungs) can reduce mortality by allowing to detect the cancer at an earlier stage when treatment are...
Several risk factors for breast cancer, the most common cancer in the world, have already been identified. These risk factors are of different types, often interrelated, such as lifestyle habits, or molecules in blood (hormones, inflammation markers). These molecules can be measured with some laboratory methods. Despite advances in our knowledge, however, most breast cancer cases are still not...
Cancer stage at diagnosis is an important prognostic factor to assess the effectiveness of cancer clinical management and treatment. The two most used staging system by population-based cancer registries (PBCR) are TNM staging classification and the SEER summary (SS) staging or local variation of the SS. The lack of international standardization for recording stage information, the frequent...
Traditionally cancer diagnoses have been made using histopathology techniques, whereby a pathologist examines pieces of tumour tissue under a microscope, observing physical features of the cells, or their 'histology'. However we now know that tumours which appear physically similar under a microscope can in fact behave very differently, for instance one tumour may grow faster than another....
Diet is an important modifiable risk factor for cancer and several foods have been associated with risk of cancer. In most studies, dietary intake is measured using dietary questionnaires which might be limited by a lack of detail or the memory of the participants. Biomarkers of food intake which can be measured in blood or urine have been proposed as a mean to improve intake assessment for...
